NavigationAnnouncementsUpcoming eventsRecent blog posts
|
DeriveApprodi Call to Asia, Africa and Latin Americahydrarchist submits: Open letter and call for papers from the Italian magazine DeriveApprodi to This letter is from the editorial collective of the Italian magazine DeriveApprodi, a publication of the radical left. DeriveApprodi was first published about ten years ago and since then has appeared at irregular intervals. It was founded at the beginning of the 1990s with a view to continuing the project of critical thought and practical politics initiated by the autonomist Marxist and revolutionary "workerist" movements. In the 1960s and 1970s, these movements were active in interpreting and orienting the worker, proletarian, and student struggles that had made Italy into an extraordinary laboratory of revolution in the West, truly the "weak link" in the chain of imperialist command. During the 1980s, however, the continuity of these struggles was violently disrupted: thousands of militants from the radical left were imprisoned, aggressive capitalist restructuring completely redefined the geography and forms of production, large working class concentrations disappeared, and the power of trade unions was gradually weakened. Individualism, cynicism, and careerism triumphed within institutional politics and throughout society at large.The great planetary upheavals symbolically identified with the year 1989 provide the general framework in which our magazine was established (along with other factors connected in various ways to the theoretical and political legacy discussed above). The following years saw the birth of a new movement within the universities, the diffusion in the main Italian cities of centri sociali occupati e autogestiti (occupied, self-managed social centers) as vehicles of political activism and embryos of alternative life forms, and the development of new forms of grassroots unionism in service and manufacturing industries. All this seemed to confirm our conviction that new political spaces were opening up, whereby the radical criticism of the present could be linked to a project of social change appropriate to the times. During the 1990s, DeriveApprodi became one of the theoretical-political laboratories that developed an attempt to examine the potential for social conflict inherent within new societal forms and in the productive regime established upon the ruins of "Fordism." Topics dealt with in the past by our magazine have included: the metamorphosis of labor and new migrations, techniques of social control in relation to transformations in the form of citizenship and in the political constitution, forms of "exodus," disobedience and the critique of institutional politics, the crises of representative democracy and the welfare state. All this was done without adhering to a prescribed formula, drawing on some of the most original theoretical and political innovations that have emerged from Italy in recent years. Our proposal The first twenty-one issues of the magazine have been mostly concerned with Italy and more generally with the capitalist "West." The logic here was that any attempt to build solidarity with social movements in the global South would be shortsighted until we had managed to expose the fault lines and internal crises within what many of us still call the "metropolis." But things changed when, following a path somewhat different to the one we had predicted, a huge social and political explosion took place in our country. We are referring to the vast movement that expressed itself for the first time in the protests against the G8 summit in Genoa in July last year. Since then, the movement has not stopped growing, giving expression to huge campaigns against the "permanent global war," for migrant rights, and against the neoliberal reform of the labor market. After the momentous and tragic events in Genoa, we held a discussion among ourselves, which resulted in the decision to partly modify the editorial agenda of DeriveApprodi and to launch a new series. Below are listed, in a highly synthetic and necessarily schematic way, some of the points on which we reached a consensus within our editorial collective.
The new and largely unforeseen characteristics of the movement attested the need to devise innovative practices of interpretation and analysis. We affirmed that the movement represents a new principle of reality, and it is upon this principle, we suggested, that political propositions and interpretative hypotheses concerning contemporary capitalist reality should be tested. It seemed to us that the existence of a strong and radical movement required not a suspension of theoretical inquiry for an immersion in everyday politics but an additional effort of research and reflection that would accompany political militancy and meticulously register its limits and problems. Far from renouncing the research and investigations carried out in the magazine over the past ten years, we decided to renew, test, and update our working principles under new conditions. Thus the decision to launch a new series of DeriveApprodi, whose intention is to be fully internal to the development of the movement without advocating any political line. In planning this new series we also took account of another matter that appeared important to us in the wake of Genoa; that is, the pressing need for the Italian movement to open itself to global dynamics. In fact, one of the most innovative characteristics of the wave of mobilizations that began in Seattle was the attempt to establish a global movement. Rather than being against globalization, such a movement would recognize globalization as the horizon of capitalist development, fashioning itself as the agent of another globalization, a globalization of struggles and resistance. Integral to this realization was an explicit polemic against those, both within and outside the movement, who were privileging (and continue to privilege) national spaces and the classical mechanisms of the 20th-century welfare state as a means of "channeling", attenuating or blocking the processes of "neoliberal" globalization. It is important to understand that for us the point is not to In any case, the affirmation of the global character of the movement is much more urgent today in the climate created by the "permanent global war" and the new "Bush doctrine" in foreign affairs. This is why we decided to launch the new series of DeriveApprodi by asking whether the concept of a "global movement" bears weight, by initiating an investigation Not accidentally have we used the word investigation, since it recalls a method of theoretical-political inquiry that is undoubtedly one of the most important legacies of the Italian "workerist" tradition that we mentioned at the beginning of this letter and in which many of us find our intellectual and political roots. By our understanding, an investigation is an open cognitive process that produces transformation. It can begin with a series of hypotheses but it must continually test and problematize these over the course of the inquiry. An investigation also presupposes a continuous exchange of ideas and experiences between all the different subjectivities involved. In this sense, we invite you not simply to tell us "what you think about the world", but to conduct an analysis of the reality that surrounds you, putting certainties aside, if only for an instant, to search for new potentialities of transformation of what exists. More specifically, we ask you for an article of between 4,000 and 6,000 words that describes the "state of the social movements" in the context in which you operate. Some working hypotheses We would like to add a few more lines about the hypotheses upon which this investigation is founded. It may be that many of you find the receiver of this open letter as the "social movements in Latin America, Africa, and Asia" unsatisfactory. It is certainly not our intention to suggest that these three continents are in any way homogeneous. To the contrary, when it was the norm for both capitalists and revolutionary movements to speak of the "third world" as a general category that included the "three continents," it was perfectly clear that the realities in which they were taking part were It is our conviction that today things are noticeably different. For sure, discourses about the so-called end of the third world have a tone that is merely and cynically celebratory in the mouth of neoliberal theorists. But we believe that such discourses can also have a critical dimension, which emphasizes the persistence of huge inequalities in the global distribution of wealth and the ongoing unevenness of the relations of dependency and hierarchies upon which global capitalism is built. At the same time, we hold that these relations are no longer organized along simple lines such as those referred to by concepts like first, second, and third worlds, but also north and south, or center and periphery. When we speak of the "end of the third world," we refer to a situation in which there is a gradual convergence between the "metropolis" and the "periphery." In other words, one finds in both these sites (although clearly in a fundamentally unequal way), the entire span of forms of production, work, and social life that coexist under global capitalism. Within We have sketched out this hypothesis only very roughly, and we would like to test and develop it over the course of the investigation. What we want to emphasize is that these developments carry great potential for the communication and circulation of political struggles and experiences. At a time when powerful warlords, be they Christians, Jews, Muslims, or Hindus, carry on about the "clash of civilizations," it is surprising to note how often social movements use an extraordinarily similar language among themselves: how the zapatista struggle are echoed in the practices of movements in the United States and Germany, how Indian peasants and African rural communities are rewriting the grammar of environmentalism in ways analogous to the green movements in Western Europe, or how the dramatic Argentine revolt of December 2001 seemed to impart fundamental lessons to the Italian movement. One could continue to expand this list, without forgetting the way in which the European radical and reformist left looked at the victory of Lulu in Brazil as if it were something that concerned them directly, and not in terms of dated schemes of "internationalist solidarity." In our judgment, one of the most pressing tasks of the present time is to reconstruct internationalism under changed conditions. We would phrase it this way: to develop through global communication between movements the intuition of world unity that lives in the everyday dynamics of struggles. On this basis, then, we would like to conduct the investigation in which we invite you to participate. Below we indicate, in a schematic and absolutely nonexclusive way, a series of problems on which we think it is appropriate to develop a work of inquiry, and upon which we invite you to elaborate. In any case, it goes without saying that you are free to follow this scheme only in part or not at all.
First we would like to understand what type of resonance the great initiatives of the global movement from Seattle to Genoa, from Johannesburg to Durban, have had in the environment in which you live. In the issue of DeriveApprodi dedicated to European movements we published an interview with an Algerian comrade who emphasized the eurocentric and merely spectacular character of these initiatives. Do you share this opinion, or do you think that, regardless of its limits, the message of a radical revolt against global capital can circulate at the planetary level? After two meetings in Porto Alegre in Brazil, the World Social Forum attempted to organize itself on a territorial basis, planning continental meetings in Asia, Africa, and Latin America? How do you judge this effort? Apart from the initiatives that we have described as the "global movement," is there a single experience of struggle (for example, the zapatista movement in Latin America, the Palestinian Intifada, or the struggle of the landless in Brazil) that has provided you with a reference point for a new wave of struggles and social mobilizations? What are the main issues of mobilization in the context in which you operate? What relations exist between mobilizations concerned with labor issues, trade unions, those concerned with social groups that live under harsh conditions of exclusion, and those concerned with issues like the condition of minorities? How would you describe the composition of the social movements in your context? How are the relations between militants and social groups structured? What relations exist between militants of different generations and of the different genders? What are the most active social groups, and what role do women play within them? How do different social groups communicate and converge in acts of mobilization? How has the concept of militancy changed in recent years? What is the impact of militancy on the everyday life of activists? What is the relation between communities and organizations in the construction of your political practices? We What are the forms of expression, within your specific situation, of the demands and needs of those groups (women, migrants, indigenous populations, rural populations) whose historical vulnerability and marginalization have been aggravated by the processes of neoliberal globalization? What type of relation exists between social movements and institutions? How have institutions (and the political and social classes that sustain them) changed in the context of the neoliberal politics characterized by the total commodification of the lifeworld, the privatization of public services, and the attack on the living standards of the working classes? Let In the hope that our initiative raises your interest, we send you a hug from Italy! The editorial collective of DeriveApprodi magazine |
SearchAnalysisNewsReviews |